Understanding the OSI 7 Layers and Protocols
📡 Layer 1: Physical – The Foundation of Communication
Handles raw data transmission through cables, radio waves, and fiber optics. Common protocols: Ethernet, USB.
🔄 Layer 2: Data Link – Ensuring Reliable Transfers
Manages error detection and data framing between network devices. Common protocols: MAC, ARP.
🌍 Layer 3: Network – Routing Data Across Networks
Determines the best path for data packets. Common protocols: IP, ICMP.
🔀 Layer 4: Transport – Reliable Data Delivery
Ensures complete and accurate data transmission. Common protocols: TCP, UDP.
📩 Layer 5: Session – Managing Connections
Establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions. Common protocols: NetBIOS, RPC.
📄 Layer 6: Presentation – Data Formatting & Encryption
Handles data encoding, compression, and encryption. Common protocols: SSL, JPEG.
🖥️ Layer 7: Application – User Interaction
Enables user access to network services. Common protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
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